第三讲

    Section II Maintaining a Sharp Eye
    Passage I The Way Americans Greet
    Text-Related Information
    1. Greeting
    The simplest thing to say is "Good morning," "Good afternoon'" or "good evening." This greeting is given to one whom you know only slightly, or to any one you are passing quickly. "How are you" is usually used when you are not in such a hurry. No answer is expected other than "Fine, thank you." "Hello" is the commonest form of greeting between good friends.
    2. When to Shake Hands
    It is customary to shake hands when you first meet someone. And usually friends shake hands when they meet after not having seen each other for some time. However it is not necessary to shake hands.
    3. Common Titles in English
    a. Mr.:“先生”a courtesy title for any male adult not styled “Sir”, “Dr.” etc. used before the man’s family name or his position.
    b. Mrs.:“太太”a courtesy title for any married woman not styled “lady”, “Dr.” etc. used before her husband‘s surname.
    c. Ms.: “女士” a courtesy title for a woman, whether she is married or not, followed by the family name.
    d. Miss: “小姐”A title used to address an unmarried woman or a girl. It is followed by the family name. Miss can also be used as the title of address to an (esp. unknown) unmarried woman. In this case, it is not followed by the name.
    e. Lady: “夫人、太太、女士”a courtesy title for a woman with dignity or social grace. It is also an English title for the wife of a knight or a baronet.
    f. Dr. (Doctor): “医生、博士”the title of a medical practitioner or the title of the holder of the highest university degree. e.g. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
    g. Prof. (Professor):“教授”The title to address a university teacher of the highest rank in a faculty.
    h. Officer: “官员，警察先生” The title to address a person holding a public appointment, a position of responsibility and trust, such as a policeman or a customs officer.
    i. Sir: “先生、长官、爵士”A form of polite address to a man; A title preceding the first name of a knight (爵士) or a baronet (准男爵); A form of address in writing to a stranger or in business letters.
    4. Formation of Common English Names
    A common English name is usually composed of two or three parts: the first name is also called forename. If the person is a Christian, his first name will be given at his baptism, so it is also called the given name or the Christian name. Middle name is the second given name. When written, middle name is often shortened to the initial letter. Surname is often the father‘s family name, so it is also called family name or last name. For example: Anne Louise Strong, George B. Show.