第五十七讲

   Section Ⅲ Trying Your Hand
   Sentence Writing
   Grammar: Contextual Reference of Tenses 时态的照应
   中国学生在写作中很容易犯时态错误，也容易忽视时态的用法还要与上下文相照应这一原则。下列3点要特别注意：
   I).正常呼应：
   1.谓语动词的时态应与时间状语相呼应。例如：
   We will go swimming in the sea at the weekend.
   They are playing basketball on the playground right now.
   The coach left the auditorium a few minutes ago.
   2.从句的时态应与主句的相呼应。例如：
   She was crying when I entered the room.
   I remembered I had seen this man before.
   We hope that someday in the future we’ll host the Olympic Games in our city.
   3.在时间和条件状语从句中用现在时代替将来时。例如：
   You will succeed if you try really hard.
   The athletes will begin to dive as soon as the bell goes.
   4.直接引语应保持其原有的时态。将其改为间接引语时应相应地调整时态。例如：
   “The problem is I don’t have enough time to practice now,” she told us.
   She told us that she didn’t have enough time to practice then.
   “Come on. You will be the first one!” They encouraged me.
   They said that I would be the first one.
   II).特殊呼应，也即使用非常规时态来代替常规时态，如：
   1.一般现在式代替过去式：阐述客观真理、客观存在；讲解构造、机制、功能、特点等。如：
   He explained about the orbit in which the earth moves around the sun.
   2.进行式或一般式表示将来，多用于表示起止或运动的动词，如leave, start, open, sail, begin, go, come, return, stop, end, close, land, arrive, reach, get to, take off 等。如：
   He is arriving tomorrow.
   The train for Beijing leaves at six.
   3.若干动词通常不用进行时态，而用一般时代替。这样的动词包括：
   1).表示爱憎和感觉的动词，如 like, love, hate, envy, taste, smell等；
   2).表示主观动作和意愿的动词，如 know, see, understand, wish, hope, assume, desire, want, think, believe, doubt, suppose, suggest, propose, recognize, mean等；
   3).表示人或物所处状态的动词，如 look, belong, consist, contain, remain, suit, own, possess, show, seem等。
   Exercises：See the textbook.