第六十五讲

   Section Ⅲ Trying Your Hand
   Sentence Writing
   Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
   形容词和副词的比较等级
   英语中大部分形容词的含义都有程度上的差异。这种程度差异在语法上主要用比较等级的形式表现，“更高”用比较级表示，而“最高”则用最高级表示。如
   tall—taller—tallest
   beautiful—more beautiful—(the) most beautiful
   1. 同等程度的比较
   1)“与…一样”----“as/so +形容词/副词原级+as”
   Ted is as bright as John.
   John behaves as politely as Mark.
   2)“与…一样”，“并不比…更… (形容词/副词的反义)”---- “no+形容词/副词比较级+than”
   John is no better than Tom.
   This room is no larger than that one.
   2. 不同程度的比较
   1)“比…更…”------“形容词/副词比较级+than”
   John is better than Tom.
   2) “不如/没有”----“not as/so形容词/副词比较级+as”
   John is not as tall as Tom.
   3) “不如/没有”----“less+形容词/副词比较级+than”
   John is less tall than Tom
   3.最高程度的比较
   1) “在…当中最”------“形容词/副词最高级+of(同类比较对象)/in(比较范围)/(n)ever从句/分词短语”
   Bob is the tallest of the three boys.
   This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
   2) “比…都更”, “最”------“比较级+than anyone else/比较级+than any other… /nothing +比较级/not +比较级”
   George did more work than anyone else.
   3) “在…当中最不”------“the least +形容词/副词原级+of/in/(n)ever从句/分词短语”
   He behaves the least politely of the three.
   4. 对比与比较
   1) “越….就越”----“the +比较级, the +比较级”
   The older I get, the happier I am.
   2) “越来越”----“比较级+and+比较级”
   The car was running faster and faster.
   Exercises：See the textbook.
   形容词：表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。
   e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.
   在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．
   He is a good student.
   I have something important to tell you.
   The trees turn green in spring.
   We are alone on the island.

   当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些
   不定代词的之后. e.g. Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper ?
   只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词
   alone afraid awake asleep alive able
   形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．
   We must keep the classroom clean.
   He made us happy.
   Colour it green.
   Attention : 有些单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
   Lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, timely, brotherly, sisterly, motherly, fatherly 等。
   系动词+ 形容词作表语
   This dish smells well.
   He is not feeling good today.
   She felt badly at the news.
   He looks very seriously.

   少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est

   as+形容词原形+as
   Tom is as tall as Mike.
   There are as many students in our school as yours.
   Tom is three times as old as Mike.
   否定not as+形容词原形+as“和… 不一样”或not so+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…
   Tom is not as tall as Mike.
   Tom is not so tall as Mike.
   This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.
   so+ 形容词原级+that丛句
   such+名词＋that丛句
   He is so big that he can’t enter the room by the door .
   … too+原级+ to do sth.
   He is too young to join the army.
   形容词原级+ enough to do sth.
   比较级+than…
   This bridge is longer than that one.
   Our school is larger than theirs.
   表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is+ 比较级，…or…?”
   表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级+than…”
   Which is longer, this one or that?
   This park is less beautiful than that one.
   “The+比较级…，the+比较级…”
   “…比较级+and+比较级…”
   The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat.
   In spring, the days are getting longer and longer.
   典型例题:　　　
   1）--- Are you feeling ____?　
     --- Yes，I'm fine now.
   A. any well　 B. any better　 C. quite good D. quite better
   2）The experiment was ____ easier than we had expected.　
   A. more　 B. much more　 C. much　　 D. more much
   3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.　
   A. the happiest time　　 B. a more happier time　
   C. much happiest time　 D. a much happier time
   可修饰比较级的词
   a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
   注意 no/ not + 比较 级 + than 的特殊含义
   A is no more careful than B.
   A和B两人都不仔细。
   A is not more careful than B.
   A不如B仔细。
   more…. than…与其说…倒不如说
   It is more like a wall than a spear.
   They are more like father and son than teacher and student.
more than + n. / num. / adj.
   There are more than fifty students in our class.
   He is more than a teacher; he is our friend.
   She is more than kind to us all.
   many, old 和 far
   1) 如果后接名词时，
   much more + 不可数名词
   many more + 可数名词复数　　　
   2) old有两种比较级和最高级形式:
   older / oldest 和elder / eldest 。
   elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
   My elder brother is an engineer.
   Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
   3) far有两种比较级：
   farther，further 它们在英语中都可指距离。
   在美语中，farther 表示距离，further则表示进一步。
   I have nothing further to say.
   …one of the+最高级+名词复数
   …最高级+of (in)…
   This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句
   Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.
   This is the worst film that I have seen these years.
   Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.
   倍数的表达
   A is twice / three times … as+big / tall / high / wide / long +as B
   A is twice / three times … bigger / taller / higher / wider/ longer … than B
   A is twice / three times … the size / height / width / length …of B
   用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或
   名词词组及句子的词。
   very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc.

   四、副词的分类

   副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.
   形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.
   Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.
   Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.
   fast-faster-fastest
   slowly- more slowly –most slowly
   Learning the fixed sentence structure
   1) When A is the same as B in something, use the sentence structure: “A…as/so +the positive of adj./adv +as”
   2) When A is not the same as B in something, use the sentence structures: “A…the comparative of adj /adv. +than B”
   “A…not as/so +the positive of adj./adv +as B”
   “A…less + the positive of adj./adv +than B”
   3) When A is of the superlative quality in something in a group, use the sentence structures:
   “A…the superlative of adj./adv. +of/in a Group including A
   “A…the superlative of adj./adv +n +Clause(never)”
   “A…the comparative of adj /adv. +than any other/one”
   “Nothing…the comparative of adj /adv+than A”
   4) Fixed and popular structures
   “the more………, the more……………….”
   “…………….more and more……………...”