第七十四讲

    Para. 1c We learn what the world outside is made of; we learn how we can manipulate it to satisfy our questioning minds, our sensing fingertips, our excitement-seeking emotions. We play at now-you-see-me-now-you-don’t, at first through peek-a boo, and then by running ahead in the park and bouncing out from behind a bush, then by playing hide-and-seek with our friends, and, finally, by creating a secret place (cubby, den, hideout) which our parents may not ever know about.

    Para. 2a Part of the process of growing up is learning to do without our parents, to move bit by bit away from their nurturance and watchful eyes, and to test ourselves in those parts of the environment that are “not home.” We act out the inevitable process of separation via games and activities in the environment. One way in which children do this is to create their own homes-away-from home, like homesteads on the frontier.
    manipulate
    vt.操纵， 控制；（熟练地）操作
    e.g.
    a. A clever politician knows how to manipulate his supporters.
    一个聪明的政治家知道如何利用他的拥护者。
    b. Manipulate the chopsticks with the middle finger and the forefinger.
    用中指及食指操作筷子。
    be made of
    用······（某种材料）制成
    e.g.
    a. The watch is made of gold.
    这块手表是金子做成的。
    b. This dress is made of silk.
    这件衣服是丝绸做的。
    辨析：
    be made from: 由······（为原料）而制取
    a. The wine is made from grape.
    葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
    b. Steel is made from iron.
    钢是由铁炼成的。

    relate to
    适应，与······睦相处；与······关联
    e.g.
    a. The generation gap makes it hard for children to relate to their parents.
    代沟使得孩子很难与父母和睦相处。
    b. We are interested only in what relates to ourselves.
    我们只关注与我们自己有关的事。

    as
    prep. 以······的身份，作为
    e.g.
    She had often been to Florida with her parents as a child.
    在孩提时代，她经常随父母去佛罗里达州。
    adv. 同等地，一样地
    The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale.
    这孩子歌唱得如夜莺般婉转。
    conj. 像，如同; 同时, 当······时; 由于, 因为; 尽管
    e.g.
    a. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.
    情形不像你说的那样糟。
    b. I slipped on the ice as I ran home.
    我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。
    c. I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.
    我筋疲力尽，所以早早地上床睡觉了。
    d. Happy as they were, there was something missing.
    尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。
    We are dependent on this other being for food, care, nurturance, protection, and love.(Para.1)
    我们从那个亲近的人那里，得到食物、关怀、养育、保护和爱。
    1) be dependent on: 依靠······，依赖于······
    e.g.
    The water supply in this area is dependent on adequate rainfall.
    这个地区的水供给依赖于充足的降雨。
    辨析：be independent of: 不依赖······，独立于······
    e.g.
    This decision is independent of the outcome of the study.
    这个决定与研究结果无关。
    2) this other being: 这里指上文中的mother or
    other primary care-giver.
    First under the watchful eyes of an adult, and then alone in a setting that adults may have created partially for our safe use (yard, garden, play area), we dig, break sticks, pick up leaves, watch insects, climb trees, and create river systems in the sandbox. (Para.1)
    首先在家长的监督下，后来独自在他们为我们创造的安全场地（院子，花园，游乐场）玩耍：挖泥巴、折树枝、拣树叶、观察昆虫、爬树或在沙盘上修建河运系统 。
    1) 句子主要结构是we dig, break sticks..., 句首的under the watchful eyes of an adult 和 alone in a setting that adults may have created partially for our safe use (yard, garden, play area)在句中 作状语，关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰a setting。
    2) under the watchful eyes of: 在某人的监视、看管下
    e.g.
    a. Under the watchful eyes of the policemen, the prisoners completed one day’s work.
    在警察们的监管下，犯人们完成了一天的工作。
    b. Under the watchful eyes of his mother, he finished his homework.
    在他妈妈的监督下，他做完了家庭作业。

    frontier
    n.边疆，边远地区，荒野地区
    e.g.
    a. Areas near the frontier were rough and lawless in the old days.
    过去边远地区混乱不堪, 而且没有法律。
    b. They are highly interested in the frontiers of
    science.
    他们对于科学的新领域有浓厚的兴趣。
    Para. 1c 我们开始了解外面世界的构成，我们学习怎样利用它来满足我们求知的大脑、感觉灵敏的指尖和寻求刺激的情感。我们玩“时隐时现的游戏”，一开始玩躲猫猫，接着玩在公园奔跑和从树丛中跳出，然后又和朋友玩捉迷藏，最后建造一个父母也许永远不会知道的隐秘领地（小屋，洞穴，隐匿处）。
    Para. 2a 成长过程的一部分是学会脱离父母做事，学会一点一点地脱离父母的养育和看管，学 会在家以外的环境中考验自己。在那里，我们通过游戏和活动来体验这不可回避的别离过程。其中一个做法就是建造一个孩子们自己的“家外之家”，就像边境上的家园。