第八十五讲

    Para. 4 Those destined for ordinary jobs don’t need to learn anything taught in college, and many of them know it. They attend college because it’s the thing to do. They tend to take “snaps” such as English literature or sociology. I see no objection to letting them enjoy themselves at private colleges if they want to.
    Para. 5 Public universities should, I think, confine themselves to serious training. The number entering should be preset as in Sweden, so as to train the quantity of people needed to fit the estimated number of openings in each profession, always allowing for the rise of some persons via equivalency exams.

    Para. 6a College represents now too much of a good thing. There are too many learned professors and section leaders to adjust to, too many books to hasten through at a set speed and too many years to plod away on the treadmill. A Ph.D. subject in history is now expected to take four to eight years—on top of the twelve in school and four in college.
    Those destined for ordinary jobs don’t need to learn anything taught in college, and many of them know it. (Para.4)
    那些注定从事普通工作的人不必学习大学所教的任何内容，而且他们中的大多数人了解这一点。
    destined: adj. 命中注定的，预定的
    e.g.
    Medicine is his destined profession.
    医学是他注定要从事的职业。
    be destined for: 注定要······；预定要······
    e.g.
    a. The boy is destined for an acting career.
    这个男孩注定是要当演员的。
    b. This is a ship that is destined for America.
    这艘船是开往美国的。
    be destined to do something: 注定要做·······；
    预定要做······
    e.g.
    He was destined to be an actor.
    他注定是要成为演员的。

    opening
    n. ( 职位的） 空缺；好机会
    e.g.
    There are no openings for secretaries at the bank at present.

    confine (to)
    vt. 使局限于，限制
    e.g.
    a. Please confine your remarks to the issues at hand.
    请你把话题限定在手头的问题上。
    b. The sick child was confined to bed.
    这个生病的小孩只能卧床休息。

    The number entering should be preset as in Sweden, so as to train the quantity of people needed to fit the estimated number of openings in each profession, always allowing for the rise of some persons via equivalency exams. (Para.5)
    入学的人数应像瑞典那样预先设定，以便于培训出每种职业所需要的那些能胜任预估空缺职位的人员，对那些通过同等学力考试而升学的人也应一直加以考虑。
    1) so as to: 以便 (表示目的)
    e.g.
    Mail your package early so as to ensure its timely arrival.
    早点寄出你的包裹以便保证它能及时寄到。
    2) estimate: vt. 估计，估价；评估
    The movie cost an estimated $25 million to make.
    拍摄这部电影花了预计的2,500万英镑。
    3) allow for: 考虑；顾及
    e.g.
    a. We must allow for his inexperience.
    我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。
    b. It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allowing for possible traffic delays.
    将可能遇到的交通耽搁考虑在内的话, 到他们的办公大楼大约要花两小时。

    intrinsic
    adj. ( 价值、性质) 内在的, 本质的, 固有的
    e.g.
    a. The intrinsic worth of the pen is 30 yuan.
    这支钢笔本身价值是30元。
    b. This modifiability is one of the intrinsic qualities of living protoplasm.
    这种可变性是生命原生质固有的性质之一。

    deliberately
    adv.有目的地；蓄意地
    e.g.
    a. Does he deliberately set out to be a tyrant?
    他从头就打算当暴君的吗？
    b. This is deliberately being fostered by the Japanese imperialists.
    这种情形，是日本帝国主义有计划地造成的。

    mash
    vt. 把······捣成糊状；压碎，压坏
    e.g.
    a. You can help mash up the potatoes for me.
    你可以帮我把马铃薯捣烂。
    n. 捣成糊状的东西，乱糟糟的一团
    b. He beat the potato into a mash before eating it.
    他把马铃薯捣烂后再吃。

    come through
    经受住
    e.g.
    a. The driver had lost so much blood that he was lucky to come through the operation.
    那司机流了许多血，手术后能活下来是够幸运的。
    b. She came through without even a scratch.
    她毫发未损地安全脱险。

    on top of
    除······之外（还）
    e.g.
    a. He lost his job and on top of that his wife left him.
    他失了业，此外，他妻子也离开了他。
    b. On top of everything else, my car has been stolen.
    除了所有这些，我的车还被偷了。
    同义词 in addition to

    There are too many learned professors and section leaders to adjust to, too many books to hasten through at a set speed and too many years to plod away on the treadmill. (Para.6)
    大学里有太多博学的教授和部门领导要去适应，有太多的书要以一定的速度赶着看完，还要花太多的年头忙于单调乏味的学习任务。
    1) adjust to: 适应, 调节
    e.g.
    The body quickly adjusts (itself) to changes in temperature.
    身体迅速（自行）调节以适应气温的变化。
    2) hasten: vt. 快速完成，加速； 抢着（说）
    vi. 赶紧
    a. The deathbed struggles of the enemies can only hasten their own doom.
    敌人的垂死挣扎只能加速他们的灭亡。
    b. I hasten to say that he is not hurt.
    我急忙说他没有受伤。
    c. She hastened home after work.
    她下班后急忙回家。
    3) plod: vi. 孜孜不倦，坚持不懈地或单调地工作或行动；埋头苦干
    e.g.
    The secretary is plodding through a mountain of paperwork.
    秘书正在成堆的文件中埋头苦干。
    4) treadmill: n. 踏车；单调乏味的工作。这里表示完成学业这件苦差事。

    Para. 4 那些注定从事普通工作的人不必学习大学所教的任何内容，而且他们大多都了解这一点。他们之所以上大学是因为这是件必做的事儿。他们往往是轻轻松松走过场，诸如听一听英国文学或是上一上社会学课。如果他们愿意的话，我毫不反对任其在私立学校里享受生活。

    Para. 5 我想公立大学应当将其目标限于严格的训练范围之内。入学的人数应像瑞典那样预先设定，以便于培训出每种职业所需要的能胜任预估空缺职位的人员，对那些通过同等学力考试而升学的人也应始终予以考虑。

    Para. 6a 如今，大学呈现的是一个过度美好的繁景。其实，大学里有太多博学的教授和部门领导要去适应，有太多的书要以一定的速度匆匆读完，还要花太多的年头忙于单调乏味的学习任务。而且除了十二年中小学和四年大学学习以外，现在攻读历史学博士课程预计还要再花四到八年的时间。