Para. 4
1. Incidents such as these are all too common.
译文：
诸如此类的事情司空见惯。
all too:“（遗憾地）太过于······”,
e.g.
The trip ended all too soon. 这次旅行结束得太早了。
关于too还有一些词和句子需要记住：
e.g.
a. I’m only too pleased to be able to get back home.
能回到家，我真高兴。????
b. This musical is none too appealing to the audience.
这部音乐剧对观众一点吸引力也没有。
c. I’m afraid that this cap is much too big for me. 这顶帽子我戴恐怕太大了。
d. That is rather too much for me. 那对我来说稍微多一点。
e. It’s never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
f. You cannot be too careful. 你再小心也不为过。
2. In recent years many colleges and universities have reported a surge in plagiarism, unauthorized collusion on assignments and cheating on tests.
译文：
近几年来，许多大学均报告剽窃、未经许可的串通作业和考试作弊现象迅猛增长。
unauthorized
adj. 未被授权的
e.g.
a. Commercial banks make few loans to minors and unauthorized person.
商业银行很少对未成年人和未经授权者发放贷款。
b. A sign on the office door said "Off limits to all unauthorized personnel".
办公室门上贴有标志“闲人免进”。
collusion
n. 共谋，串通
e.g.
a. They secretly entered into collusion with the northern warlords.
他们喑中和北洋军阀勾结起来。
b. To be blunt, we strongly suspect that you are working in collusion with those bad eggs.
老实说，我们非常怀疑你同那些坏蛋有勾结。
Para. 5
In research conducted at 31 schools over the past decade, Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe has found that nearly 70 percent of students admit to cheating at some point during college, with over 15 percent reporting that they were, in McCabe’s words, “serious, repetitive cheaters.”
译文：
Rutgers大学的Donald McCabe教授在过去的10年中，对31所学校进行了一项研究，发现几乎70%的学生承认大学期间的某个时候有过作弊，15%以上的学生自曝是，用McCabe的话说，“严重型、反复型作弊者”。
with over 15 percent reporting...是独立主格结构 admit to doing something同confess to doing something, 作“坦白”讲，to可以省略。to用作介词而非不定式符号，故后跟-ing形式，而不是动词原形。
这样的短语很多，
如：look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to,
take to, when it comes to, resort to, consent to
repetitive
adj. 重复的
e.g.
a. His job consists of dull, repetitive work.
他干的是些单调重复的工作。
b. It was the daily life of the farm, with its repetitive tasks, that frustrated him.
使他感到沮丧的是农场的日常生活和单调重复的劳动。
Para. 6
1. While this surge has been blamed on many factors, including a declining emphasis on moral
values in the home and school, without question it’s never been easier to cheat.
译文：
虽然作弊的迅猛增长可归咎于许多方面的因素，包括家庭和学校对道德价值观的重视程度下降，但毫无疑问，现在要作弊比以往任何时候都来得容易是原因之一。
while: conj. although “虽然”,
e.g.
While she is a likeable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.
虽然她是个可爱的姑娘，但有可能很难相处。
be blamed on: to be caused by, to be the result of, to be attributed to, to be due to “归咎于，由······引起”。
blame的常见搭配是：
e.g.
a. You’re not to blame for what happened.
所发生的事情不怪你。
b. The report blames poor safety standards for the accident.
报告把这起事故归咎于安全水平低。
c. The other driver kept trying to put/lay the blame on me.
另一位司机一直怪罪于我。
decline: v. to become less or worse, to decrease
“减少，下降，衰退”
declining prices价格下降；
declining health健康每况愈下
介宾短语为on the decline
decline 还指politely refuse to accept or do something“婉言谢绝”
decline an invitation/an offer/a proposal, etc. 婉言谢绝邀请/馈赠/建议等
without question: without any doubt, beyond question和out of question（过时）“毫无疑问”
e.g.
Marilyn was, without question, a very beautiful woman.
毫无疑问，马丽琳是个非常漂亮的女人。
不同于out of the question: not possible, not allowed “不可能的，不允许”
e.g.
You can’t go to the wedding in that old shirt—it’s quite out of the question.
你不能穿那件旧衬衫去参加婚礼，那是绝对不允许的。
moral
adj. 道德上的，有道德的
e.g.
a. He turns every subject into a moral discussion.
他把每个论题都变成了道德的讨论。
b. We should raise moral standards in academic fields.
我们应加强学术道德建设。