Para. 3
1. Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer, at the University of Illinois, tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems. He found that he could predict their performance from the strength of the brain’s electrical activity.
译文：
伊利诺斯大学心理学家阿瑟·费·克雷默对正在做算术题的志愿者进行过测试。他发现可以通过脑电波活动的情况预测志愿者的成绩。
psycho- :
connected with one’s brain“心理的，精神的”, 与某些动词、名词和形容词组成复合词
如:
psychoanalyze 用心理分析法治疗；
psychoanalysis 心理分析（疗法）;
psychoanalyst 心理医生，精神分析学家；
psychology 心理学;
psychologist 心理学家
psychologist
-ist: “······主义者；有······特性的”,
如：
feminist 女权主义者；女权主义的；
sexist 主张性别歧视者；主张性别歧视的；
socialist 社会主义者；社会主义的
也可指“······家，······操作者”，如:
scientist 科学家；
linguist 语言学家；
novelist小说家；
machinist 机工，机械师
volunteer:
n. “志愿者；自愿”；v. “做义工”
e.g.
a. It was reported that the Beijing Volunteer Association was the first of its kind in China, set up in 1993.
据报道，北京志愿者协会是中国第一个志愿者组织，成立于1993年。
b. The students volunteered to take part in the community service activities.
学生们自愿参加社区的各种服务活动。
work on something: to spend time producing or improving something
“从事，致力于”
e.g.
His grandmother pays extra so he can work on his pronunciation with foreigners.
他的祖母另外付钱让他和外国人练习提高发音水平。
work on somebody: to try to influence somebody“试图影响，努力说服”
e.g.
We’ll have to work on Mary to find out what’s going on.
我们必须努力从玛丽那里弄清楚发生了什么事。
work at something: to try hard to develop or improve something
“在······上下功夫，致力于”
e.g.
You’ll have to work at the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination.
如果你要通过这个考试就必须多在你的英语弱项上下功夫。
arithmetic
adj. 算术的
e.g.
a. The children all have passed the examination in arithmetic.
孩子们全都通过了这次算术考试。
b. He brushed up on fractions before taking the arithmetic test.
在参加算术考试前他又重温了分数。
electrical
adj. 电的
e.g.
We can transmute water power into electrical power.
我们能将水力变成电力。
电力科学的
He does the research on electricity in Peking University.
他在北京大学做电力科学的研究。
Illinois
伊利诺斯州:
州府：斯普林菲尔德（Springfield）
城市：芝加哥（Chicago）洛克福特（Rockford）州府斯普林菲尔德位于西部。大都市芝加哥在该州东北角，滨密歇根湖。芝加哥是美国机械制造业中心，其中心农业机械为最重要。市内最高大厦，叫做西尔斯大厦（Sears Building），有110层，高1450尺，成为美国第一高楼（纽约国际贸易中心大厦只有1350尺高）。
2. This is measured through the scalp.
译文：
脑电波可以通过头皮进行测量。
this 指前文中的the strength of the brain’s electrical activity。
measure:
v. to discover the exact size, amount, etc. of (something), or be of a particular size
“测量，计算；尺寸（规格）为······”
e.g.
a. This machine measures your heart rate.
这台机器测量你的心率。
b. The kitchen, measuring 5 meters by 3 meters, has a small dining area.
厨房长5米宽3米，有个小小的就餐区。
measure out/off: “量出，量取”
e.g.
c. I measured out 10 grams of sugar and added it to the mixture.
我称出10克糖掺了进去。
measure up: to have good enough qualities “合格，够得上”
d. Will he measure up to the challenges that lie ahead of him?
他能应付摆在他面前的那些挑战吗？
measure one’s length “全身跌倒躺在地上”
take measures to do something “采取措施来做······”
take somebody’s measure/get the measure of somebody “估量某人，掂某人的分量”
beyond measure “无可估量的，非常大的”
ake/make measurements “测量”
scalp
n. 头皮
e.g.
a. He was rubbing his sore scalp.
他正揉着发痛的头皮。
b. Indians used to scalp their enemies as a mark of victory.
印第安人过去常把他们的敌人的头皮剥下作为胜利的象征。