lesson2

English Intensive Reading

吉林大学远程教育学院

Introduction

Text

Language Points

Grammar

Lesson 2 Grammar ( Page 2)

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

4. 省略 if 的条件从句结构：在笔语中条件从句中有时可以不用连词 if, 而把 were, had 或should 移至主语之前。但从句没有were, had 或should,则不能这样做.
1) Should he come, tell him to ring me up.
他要是来了，让他给我打电话。
2) Were I in your position, I would go.
如果我处于你的地位，我就去。
3) Had they not helped us, our experiment would have failed.
如果没有他们的帮助，我们的试验是会失败的。
5. 虚拟语气和情态动词：虚拟结构常可用情态动词的过去式，即could, might, would 等加不带to的动词不定式或不带 to 的动词不定式完成式,来作谓语动词。这些情态动词除表示虚拟结构外，本身还有独立的意思：could 能够，might 或许，would愿意，决心。
1) If I were you, I would go. 如果我是你，我就愿意去。
2) I would help you if I could. 如果我能的话，我一定帮你。
3) If he were here, he might agree with you. 假如他在这里，他可能会帮助你。
6. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致。这时, 动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
1) If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre.
假如我是你，我会去看话剧。
2) If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
他若听老师的话，现在就会痊愈了。
3) If you hadn’t helped me, I could have finished it on time and most likely I would be still working now.
假如你没有帮助我，我不可能按时完成工作，可能现在还在干。
7. 用陈述语气表示条件和结果：在现代英语里，多用陈述语气表示条件和结果。陈述语气的条件和结果所表示的往往是事实。如不是事实,其可能性也较虚拟语气要大。
1) If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go out.
假如明天下雨的话，我们就不出去。
2) If the rain stops, I’ll go for a swim.
要是雨停了,我就去游泳.
3) If the train leaves at eight thirty, there is no time to lose.
火车如果是八点半开,我们得抓紧时间了.
8. 省去从句或主句的虚拟结构：虚拟结构中的从句或主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上却仍存在。
省去了条件从句的虚拟结构：
1) That would be fine. 那就太好了。
(省去了if you should do it 或类似条件)
2) You might stay here forever. 你可以永远呆在这里。
(省去了if you wanted to或类似条件）
3) I would not have done it. 我是不会做那件事的。
(省去了if I were you或类似条件）
省去了结果主句的虚拟结构：
1) If only I could help you! 假如我能帮助你，那该是多好啊！
2) If only he were here! 假如他在这里该多好啊！
3) If only I were ten years younger! 我要是能年轻十岁该多好啊！