English Intensive Reading 吉林大学远程教育学院    
Introduction
Text
Language Points
Grammar
 
  Lesson 1     Grammar  ( Page 1)
   
     
   
1. Modal + Perfect Infinitives ( 情态动词 ＋ 完成式 ）：
情态动词主要有：
(1) can, could (2) may, might
(3) must (4) ought
(5) need (6) dare, dared
此外 shall , will , should, would 在一定场合下也可用作情态动词。情态动词的特点是它有一定的词义，和另一动词构成谓语，在各种人称后都用同样的形式。除 ought 跟不定式外， 其他情态动词都跟动词原形(或称不带to 的不定式) , 有时跟这动词的完成式或进行形式:
1. He must have gone home. 他准是回家了。
2. He must be waiting for us. 他一定在等我们。
1) 用在过去时的虚拟条件句中:
1. If you had tried harder, you could have overcome the the difficulties.
要是做了更大的努力, 你是可以克服困难的。
2. She might have learnt more if she had made better use of her time.
她要是时间使用得好些是可能学到更多东西的。
2）情态动词有时和动词的完成式构成谓语，表示“应该已经…”,“想必已经…”这类意思：
1. There is no reason why he should have refused.
他竟然拒绝了, 这是没有道理的。
2. They shouldn’t have left so soon.
他们不应当走得这么早。（但已走了）
3. I should have thought of that.
这一点我是应该想到的。（但没想到）
4. I’m surprised that he should have been so foolish.
我很奇怪他竟然会这么傻。
5. She must have been through a lot.
他一定受过很多苦。
6. They must have arrived by now.
现在他们想必已经到了。
7. You needn’t have told them that
这你本可不告诉他们的。
8. Where can (could ) he have gone ?
他能到那里去了呢？
9. Nobody could have foreseen all this.
这一切是谁都想不到的。
10. He can’t have finished the work so soon.
这项工作他不能完成的这么快。
11. I could have laughed to hear him talk like that.
听他这么讲话，我差点笑出来了。
12. They couldn’t have gone that far.
他们不可能做到这种地步。
13. He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.
他可能没达到他的全部目的，但他的
努力是值得赞扬的。
14. You may (might) have read about it in the papers.
你可能在报纸上已经读到这件事了。
15. She may ( must ) have gone to the clinic.
她或许(准是) 去了诊所。
16. They might have derived inspiration from these words.
他们可能是从这些话得到了启发。
17. We ought to have given you more help.
我们应该给你更多的帮助。
18. You oughtn’t have done that .
你这样做是不应当的。
19. She would have done anything to make amends.
为了弥补过错她什么都愿意干。