English Intensive Reading 吉林大学远程教育学院
Introduction Text Language Points Grammar
				Lesson 3    Language Points  ( Page 4)
			duty(n.): 1) moral or legal obligation 责任，义务 1. It’s my duty to take care of my parents. 照顾父母是我的责任。 2. It’s your duty to go. 你得去，那是你的责任。 2) tax charged on certain goods, esp on imports 税，关税 1. A heavy duty will imposed on foreign cigarettes. 将对进口烟课以重税。 2. Every citizen should pay an income duty. 每位公民都应缴纳所得税。 phrases: off duty 下了班（的）；不在值班（的） 1. The policeman is off duty now. 警察下班了。 2. All the taxies are off duty. 所有的出租汽车都下班了。 on duty 在上班（的）；在值班（的） 1. Who is on duty today? 今天谁值班（日）？ 2. The policeman was on traffic duty. 那名警察在值勤指挥交通。 Comparing the following words: duty, obligation, responsibility 都有责任、义务之义。 duty (n.): moral or legal obligation 责任，义务 侧重于自觉性，较少指来自外部的压力。 1. It is your duty to look after your parents. 照顾父母是你的责任。 2. Everyone has a duty to his country. 为国效劳，人人有责。 obligation (n.): law, moral pressure, promise, etc that forces one to do sth. （法律或道义上的）义务，责任 指根据法律、合同、诺言、道德规范或其他规定而需遵守的“责任”。 1. Everyone has an obligation to be a good citizen. 每个人都有责任做一个合格公民。 2. Everyone has a legal obligation to serve in the armed forces. 每个人都要尽服兵役的法律义务。 responsibility (n.): being responsible or accountable 责任，负责 强调对其后果须负起责任。 1. Who should take responsibility for the broken window? 谁对打破窗户负责？ 2. He refuses all responsibilities for the mistake. 他对这一错误拒绝承担任何责任。 If detected he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty for his crime. Meaning: If he was found sleeping at his post, he would be put to death soon. As a soldier, he had neglected his duty, and death would be the punishment for him. 这要是被发现，很快就会要他的命，因为处死犯有这种渎职罪的士兵是合情合理的。 注：这是一个非真实条件句（unreal conditional clause）省略了“he was”。 The clump of laurel in which the criminal lay was in the angle of a road which went zigzagging downward through the forest. …which went zigzagging… Meaning: the road was not straight, instead, it was rather twisted. 这是一条弯弯曲曲穿过森林直通山脚下的大道，潜伏着失职士兵的桂树丛就在它的一个拐弯处。