English Intensive Reading 吉林大学远程教育学院    
Introduction
Text
Language Points
Grammar
 
  Lesson 4  Language Points  ( Page 3)
   
         
   
work (v.)
1) do work; engage in physical or mental activity 做工作;劳动
1. She isn’t working now. 她现在不工作了。
2. I’ve been working all day. 我整天都在工作。
2) (of a machine, device, etc.) function; operate (指机器、设备等)运作,运转
1. This machine works by electricity. 这台机器是电动的。
2. The gears work smoothly. 这个传动装置运转很灵活。
3) cause (sb./sth.) to work 使(某人/某事物)工作
1. She works herself too hard. 她把自己累坏了。
2. Do you know how to work a machine? 你会开动机器吗?
work against 反对;对…不利
work at 在…方面用功
work for 为…工作
work in 设法加入,插入
work on 在做某事;在做某人工作
work out 努力做好;详细制定(计划);算出(总数);得出答案
work up 刺激,激起
Comparing the following words:
work, occupation, profession, job (n.) 均可表示工作,职业
work (n.): is the most general of these terms, being applicable to any kind of labor.
常用词。可指任何劳动,不论是体力还是脑力的;不论是计时、计日、计周、计月还是更长时间的;不论是有酬的还是无酬的;如果有酬,不论是由雇主支付还是从服务费用或营业利润中扣除的。
1. It is difficult to find work during a depression. 经济萧条时很难找工作。
2. My work does not come up to yours. 我的工作不及你。
occupation (n.) : is more inclusive. It may be referred to the work of any kind in which one engages habitually or for which one has been trained.
是以此为生,并且受过一定的训练、比较熟练的工作。
1. If you can think of no better occupation you had better weed the garden.
如果你认为没有更好的工作干,你最好去给花园除草。
2. Please state your name, age and occupation.
请说明姓名、年龄和职业。
profession (n.) : is one of a limited number of occupations involving special learning and carrying a certain social prestige.
指受过特别教育或训练者才能获得的职业;从事这种工作的人不但有高深的学问,而且也享有较高的社会地位。
1. He got the profession of a professor. 他获得教授的职位。
2. She is a lawyer by profession. 她的职业是律师。
job (n.) : is a specific piece of work, usually done for pay.
指某一具体的工作,通常是为报酬而从事的。
1. He got an editorial job in a publishing house.
他在一家出版社找到一份编辑的工作。
2. They are paid by the job. 他们的报酬按包工计算。
Comparing the following words:
work, labour, toil (v.) 都表示劳动、干活的意思。
work (v.): do work; engage in physical or mental activity
这是个常用词。指一般意义上的劳动,人们赖以谋生的手段。既可以是体力劳动,也可以是脑力劳动。既可以是轻松的,也可以是繁重的。
1. They went on working in the fields, though it was getting dark.
虽然天色已晚,但他们仍在地里干活。
2. She isn’t working now. 她现在不工作了。
labour (v.) work or try hard 劳动。这个词主要指体力劳动,不需要很多技巧,仅为收获而作;间或也指脑力劳动,着重于工作时的艰辛。
1. He has labored in the mines for 30 years. 他在矿井下干了30年。
2. The men labored on into the night. 这些人一直劳动到深夜。
toil (v.) work long or hard 劳动,是这组词中语气最强的一个。强调长期的、艰辛的、有时令人生厌的、非常消耗体力或脑力的劳动。多用于正式语体或文学语言中。
1. He began toiling at his task. 他开始辛苦地从事他艰巨的工作。
2. He toiled to earn a living. 他为了谋生而辛勤劳动。